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Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa

e-ISSN: 1647-7251

Thematic dossier

International Relations and Social Networks

July 2021

SPORTS CELEBRITY AS AN INTERMEDIARY AND CULTURAL INSTRUMENT OF

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND ETHNIC-RACIAL EQUALITY.

A STUDY OF THE CORPORATE CAMPAIGN "COMMON THREAD", PUBLISHED BY

THE SPORTS BRAND NIKE ON INSTAGRAM

JAVIER DÍAZ-BAJO RODRIGUEZ

javier.diazb@edu.uah.es

Ph.D. candidate and Assistant Professor of Audiovisual Communication and Researcher at the

University of Alcalá (Spain). Member of the research group Images, Words and Ideas. His

research focuses on discursive and narrative practices conducted by corporate brands through

digital media.

RUT MARTÍNEZ-BORDA

rut.martinez@uah.es

Professor of Audiovisual Communication and Research Fellow at the University of Alcalá (Spain).

Dr Martínez-Borda is a member of the research group Images, Words and Ideas. Her research

focuses on human practices supported by digital technologies, audiovisual narratives,

videogames and fandom. Her current projects are supported by the Spanish Ministry of Culture

and Education. She has been a visiting scholar at the Institute of Education (University of

London); University of Westminster in London; University of Delaware in Philadelphia.

Abstract

Corporate brands play a social role through the discourses they broadcast on their social

media. The sports celebrity acts as a cultural intermediary and communicating instrument in

the value system that the brand brings together in defence of social, cultural and ethnic

diversity (Turner, 2004; Erdogan, 1999; Marshall, 1997).

From this perspective, the aim of this proposal is to detect the socio-cultural elements that

articulate the discourse constructed by the Nike sports brand in defence of racial and ethnic

equality in sport.

Methodologically, the content analysis approach is adopted (Krippendorff, 2013).

The data consists of 3 short films that make up a campaign created by the sports brand Nike

called "Common Thread". The criterion for their selection was the discursive projection that

the brand emits in favour of socio-cultural equality on Instagram.

In order to define the model of analysis, the classical studies of Greimas (1976) and

McCracken (1989) is taken as a starting point.

The results show that the brand manifests itself on social media as a social agent that

promotes equality and racial-ethnic rights for the black sports community through sport and

culture.

Keywords

Brand; values; celebrity; discourse; social media.

How to cite this article

Díaz-Bajo Rodriguez, Javier; Martínez-Borda, Rut. Sports celebrity as an intermediary and

cultural instrument of fundamental rights and ethnic-racial equality. A study of the corporate

campaign "common thread", published by the sports brand NIKE on Instagram. Janus.net, e-

journal of international relations. Thematic dossier International Relations and Social

Networks, July 2021. Consulted [online] on date of last visit, https://doi.org/10.26619/1647-

7251.DT21.4

Article received on January 5, 2021 and accepted for publication on March 21, 2021

JANUS.NET, e-journal of International Relations

e-ISSN: 1647-7251

Thematic dossier – International Relations and Social Networks (July 2021), pp. 44-60

Sports celebrity as an intermediary and cultural instrument

of fundamental rights and ethnic-racial equality.

Javier Díaz-Bajo Rodriguez, Rut Martínez-Borda

SPORTS CELEBRITY AS AN INTERMEDIARY AND CULTURAL

INSTRUMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND ETHNIC-RACIAL

EQUALITY. A STUDY OF THE CORPORATE CAMPAIGN "COMMON

THREAD", PUBLISHED BY THE SPORTS BRAND NIKE ON

INSTAGRAM

JAVIER DÍAZ-BAJO RODRIGUEZ

RUT MARTÍNEZ-BORDA

1. Introduction

The most classical sociological contributions have, over the last few decades, delved

deeper into the symbolic character and the cultural meaning that underlies consumption

practices and the communicative interactions that revolve around this phenomenon

(López de Ayala, 2004; Semprini, 1995).

The Nike corporate brand acquires a social function in its own Instagram account, through

the discursive broadcasting of values with a social and cultural character. The sports

celebrity acts as a mediator and communicating instrument of a symbolic field that has

been constructed and distributed by the brand (Turner, 2004; Erdogan, 1999; Marshall,

1997).

From this perspective, the research questions are as follows:

- What are the socio-cultural values underlying the symbolic field constructed by the

brand?

- What narrative patterns articulate the discursive instrumentalisation produced by

celebrities and athletes?

In order to answer the questions posed by this research, we take as a starting point the

classical studies by Greimas (1976) and McCracken (1989). We have initially relied on

these two theoretical models to design a methodological strategy that allows us to

identify the narratological elements that articulate the discursive emission of socio-

cultural values.

Article translated by the autor and reviewed by Carolina Peralta.

JANUS.NET, e-journal of International Relations

e-ISSN: 1647-7251

Thematic dossier – International Relations and Social Networks (July 2021), pp. 44-60

Sports celebrity as an intermediary and cultural instrument

of fundamental rights and ethnic-racial equality.

Javier Díaz-Bajo Rodriguez, Rut Martínez-Borda

Finally, we will show, through the results, that the brand manifests itself in social media

as a social agent that promotes equality and fundamental rights of black sports

communities through sport and culture.

1.1. The social function in consumption processes

The most classic line of sociological research has focused on the symbolic character that

underlies the consumption process, from which the structured character of this

phenomenon in modern societies can be explained. It has been the more contemporary

sociological approach that has accentuated the impact that the cultural meaning of

consumption practices generates in the processes of social and individual identity

construction of audiences (López de Ayala, 2004). This assertion implies two different

perspectives: first, the concept of consumption transcends the utilitarian function

expressed by classical economics. And second, the discursive and symbolic exchange

that takes place between different social subjects is recognised in this context.

In relation to a symbolic interaction between corporations and the public, Holbrook

(2001) postulates that social subjects interact under ideas, images and symbols to

reconfigure individual or social identity projects. They use this social interaction to

disseminate specific socio-cultural contexts. Thus, postmodern consumption and its

communication processes become an activity that transcends the exchange of

commercial value. This symbolic meaning that is transferred through the interaction

between social agents acquires a new social function that goes in two directions:

outwards, constructing a particular cultural world. And inwards, contributing to the

construction of the individual concept of self-identity (Elliott, 1998).

In order to delve deeper into this symbolic perspective that characterises the

communicative interaction between subjects, we rely on the structuralist approach that

defends the analysis of the hidden structures that sustain social action and

manifestations. This is why the use of semiology becomes essential in order to highlight

these structures that govern the systems of signs and communication.

Based on these approaches, structuralists conceive the communication process as a

social practice through which social subjects express themselves and communicate under

symbolic parameters. For Baudillard (1976), the leading exponent of this intellectual

approach, the consumption of signs, has replaced necessity in modern societies. The

practical utility of consumer objects and interaction with corporations has evolved into

an immaterial and discursive exchange that acquires a social and cultural character.

This approach is essential to understand the role played by symbolic fields in the

communication processes between corporations and publics. If we rely on the perspective

offered by López de Ayala (2004), we could postulate the use of a system of signs

endowed with social significance by brands and corporations. In this line, advertising or

corporate communication is detached from use value, and the consumption process is

conceived as a world of representations and cultural signs. From this moment on,

consumption and the communication that are produced around this phenomenon have a

social function that transcends the economic objectives of companies. The author Bocock

puts it in the following terms: "in the postmodern world, consumption serves to establish

the sense of identity of who we are", "Consumer goods have become a crucial element

JANUS.NET, e-journal of International Relations

e-ISSN: 1647-7251

Thematic dossier – International Relations and Social Networks (July 2021), pp. 44-60

Sports celebrity as an intermediary and cultural instrument

of fundamental rights and ethnic-racial equality.

Javier Díaz-Bajo Rodriguez, Rut Martínez-Borda

in the establishment of meanings, identities and gender roles in postmodern capitalism"

(Bocock, 1995: 141).

This is why corporations play a decisive role in the creation and discursive projection of

values, beliefs and ideas associated with a given socio-cultural context.

1.2. The symbolic discourse of branding

In relation to this context, corporate brands construct and project cultural symbolic fields.

This approach responds, as Semprini points out, to the following convergence: "The

modern brand does not belong to the world of commerce but to the world of

communication" (Semprini, 1995: 19).

Establishing a global definition that encompasses in depth the object and functions of the

brand phenomenon is a truly complex task. In our argument, we are inclined to propose

the nature of the brand phenomenon as an instance and semiotic engine that confers

meaning and attribution in an ordered, structured and voluntary manner.

In this communicational transition, the corporate brand comes to generate greater

freedom of discursive action. Organisations implement a new symbolic and discursive

weight to their communication processes. This fact gives the brand a leading role in this

mission, as it acquires a social function in the creation and distribution of social and

cultural meanings. Therefore, the brand generates a specific universe of meaning that it

creates and disseminates discursively.

Consistent with this postulate, it is important for the development of our research to

highlight the role of social values as motivational constructs that relate people's beliefs

about desirable goals to be achieved over time and according to different contexts. There

are deterministic developments that shed light on the relationship between values and

individual behaviour, especially when it comes to core values that influence a person's

conception of social identity and self-concept (Verplanken & Holland, 2002).

1.3. The sports celebrity as a mediator of discourse

From the above context, we identify the use of sports celebrities as a mediating

instrument of a given universe of social and cultural significance.

One area where it is essential to recognise the differentiation of discourse and meanings

is through the use of celebrities in sport. David Marshall (1997) argues that in those

industries that are associated with celebrities, communicative particularities originate

according to the typology of the industry, and, therefore, different types of meanings are

also generated. Furthermore, the author also argues that semiotic and discursive rules

are generated around the celebrities, produced through diverse systems that privilege

different groups of discourses.

The construction of meanings in sports occurs under the influence of certain social values

that are considered exemplary. The sports celebrity is a particularly interesting case,

because as David Giles (2004) points out, sport is one of the few areas of public and

social life that is truly meritocratic. Sports celebrities can prove that they are the best,

JANUS.NET, e-journal of International Relations

e-ISSN: 1647-7251

Thematic dossier – International Relations and Social Networks (July 2021), pp. 44-60

Sports celebrity as an intermediary and cultural instrument

of fundamental rights and ethnic-racial equality.

Javier Díaz-Bajo Rodriguez, Rut Martínez-Borda

so their cultural prominence can be seen as deserved. Celebrities represent subjective

positions that audiences can adopt or adapt in their formation of social identities. A

celebrity, then, is an embodiment of a discursive field about norms of individuality and

personhood within a culture.

In the same vein, the sports celebrity is a moderator especially articulated by

achievement, excellence and transcendence, often explicitly linked to socio-cultural

definitions of nationality and ethnicity.

It is precisely in that process whereby a celebrity is mediatised that the most productive

social and cultural functions that the celebrity, and his culture, seem to perform today

are generated. The fact that the celebrity extends his identity to the public image means

that he conducts some kind of social function in relation to audiences. This social function

exercised by the brand, and the staging of the celebrity, reveal new aspects of how

brands now generate meaning and significance through the media and advertising

industries.

2. Design and method

2.1. Methodological approach

We adopted the content analysis methodology (Krippendorff, 2013) through discourse

(Gee, 2014). This technique has allowed us to analyse, structure and objectify the object

of study in the different contents (Neuendorf, 2002).

In relation to the methodology provided by Gee (2014), we have used the discourse

analysis of the celebrity in certain contents of the Nike brand on Instagram. The most

relevant element we have relied on, based on this theoretical approach, is how the

discourse has been instrumentalised by the celebrity for the construction and projection

of a particular field of socio-cultural significance.

2.2. Type of analysis

In order to define the model of analysis, the classical studies of Greimas (Greimas, 1976)

and McCracken (McCracken, 1989) are taken as a starting point. In a first phase, we

have approached some variables specific to both authors (table 1). In a second phase,

we have designed a model of analysis with certain categories that allow us to respond to

the objectives of this research (table 2).

Table 1: Analysis model with authors' variables.

Greimas model variables (1976)

McCracken (1989) variables

Subject: actant who desires an object

Culturally constituted world

Object: what you wish

Media / advertising

Helper: guides the subject

Consumer goods

Opponent: oppressive force

Sender: set of facts and motivating forces

Receiver: people who benefit

Source: own compilation.

JANUS.NET, e-journal of International Relations

e-ISSN: 1647-7251

Thematic dossier – International Relations and Social Networks (July 2021), pp. 44-60

Sports celebrity as an intermediary and cultural instrument

of fundamental rights and ethnic-racial equality.

Javier Díaz-Bajo Rodriguez, Rut Martínez-Borda

To further our objectives, we have synthesised both approaches and defined a model

(table 2) that helps us to associate the categories of analysis with the most important

thematic units in our object of study:

Table 2. Methodological model design

Culturally constituted world

Subject: Actant desires an object

Celebrity and black athletes

Object: What you want

Goals and achievements in defence of cultural

equality and diversity

Helper: Guides the subject

The Nike brand

Opponent: Oppressive force

Sociocultural barriers and difficulties

Sender: A set of desired facts or motivating

forces

Achieving fundamental rights and equal

opportunities

Receiver: Who benefits

Black athletes

Media / Advertising

Brand content on its Instagram account. Analysis of the "Common Thread" campaign

Source: Prepared by the authors. Created from the approaches of Greimas (1976) and McCracken

(1989).

This system allows us to delve deeper into the main narratological elements that

articulate the discursive projection in defence of equality and cultural diversity. On the

other hand, this system enables us to identify the social meaning transfer process that

occurs in the creation of a cultural world determined and discursively articulated by the

sports celebrity.

We consider that the transfer of social meaning arises from a culturally constructed

world, through six narratological categories and through the Instagram social media.

In relation to these variables, this proposal aims to identify, describe and compare the

fields of symbolic signification and socio-cultural values that the brand seeks to project

discursively through the staging of celebrities and young black sportsmen and

sportswomen.

3. Data analysis

Nike’s Instagram account has 774 publications created by the brand itself in the last

phase of our analysis (December 2020). It is relevant to highlight that the Nike sports

brand publishes corporate or advertising content through the section called

"Publications". Of all the content created by the brand on its own account since 2011, we

have focused on analysing 3 videos that belong to the campaign called "Common

Thread". These contents were published by the brand from 17/02/20 to 29/02/20. The

main criterion for choosing the sample was the staging of sportsmen or sports celebrities

JANUS.NET, e-journal of International Relations

e-ISSN: 1647-7251

Thematic dossier – International Relations and Social Networks (July 2021), pp. 44-60

Sports celebrity as an intermediary and cultural instrument

of fundamental rights and ethnic-racial equality.

Javier Díaz-Bajo Rodriguez, Rut Martínez-Borda

who act as cultural intermediaries and communication tools for the audiovisual content

created and published by the brand.

The brand has created a corporate communications campaign to celebrate Black History

Month 2019, which is celebrated in some Anglo-Saxon countries such as England and the

USA. The athletes featured in the "Common Thread" campaign are celebrities and young

black athletes. The athletes come from different sporting areas and diverse socio-cultural

backgrounds. The celebrities narrate part of their own life experience to describe those

socio-cultural aspects that have an impact on their lives and the communities to which

they belong. In the same way, celebrities and athletes tell the way they experience their

sport’s practice in a given sociocultural context. In all three videos, we can detect the

use of recurrent discursive elements that articulate the projection of values to empower

equality and ethno-racial diversity. To carry out the analysis, we need to understand the

discursive elements involved in the construction of the symbolic field as a system that

articulates the message.

The data collection period ran from 1 September 2020 to 31 December 2020. Below, we

show the name of the content, the format, the duration, the date of publication on

Instagram and the URL where the content is located:

Table 3. Main content data

Title Content

Content

format

Playback time

Date of

publication

URL

Common Thread |

Episode 1: Ingrid

& Alex, Narrated

by Serena

Williams

Video 1

3:35

17 FEBRUARY

2020

https://www.instagram.com

/p/B8rO4zgg0Zw/

Common Thread |

Episode 2:

Crystal, Debra &

Kairaba

Video 2

3:44

21 FEBRUARY

2020

https://www.instagram.com

/p/B81iLqrA1-b/

Common Thread |

Episode 3: Vashti,

RunGrl & Asra

Video 3

3:58

29 FEBRUARY

2020

https://www.instagram.com

/p/B9KI0D2HHe7/

Source: https://www.instagram.com/nike/?hl=es

For this particular project, we have decided to use the QuickTime Player application for

the IOS operating system as an analysis tool. This tool allows us to work with text,

photographs and video at the same time, and to analyse texts, images and audio

simultaneously, without the need to create descriptions. We transcribed the speeches

and dialogues that we considered most representative for use in the research results. In

this way, we were able to triangulate the extracted data in order to interpret the results

in a narrative and conceptual way (Lacasa, Martínez-Borda, & Méndez, 2013).

Once again, we insist that the approaches to the data, as well as the models of analysis,

are interwoven in an integrated way in our interpretation. This is because our aim is to

explain the keys that articulate, generate and enable the reproduction of a given socio-

cultural symbolic field through discourse.

JANUS.NET, e-journal of International Relations

e-ISSN: 1647-7251

Thematic dossier – International Relations and Social Networks (July 2021), pp. 44-60

Sports celebrity as an intermediary and cultural instrument

of fundamental rights and ethnic-racial equality.

Javier Díaz-Bajo Rodriguez, Rut Martínez-Borda

4. Results

Two questions guide the research presented in this article and the results allow us to

answer them. Firstly, we analyse the presence of digital content created and published

by the Nike brand on its own Instagram account. Our object of study focuses on the

analysis of the three videos belonging to the "Common Thread" campaign. These

contents are analysed with the aim of describing and identifying the socio-cultural values

that the brand projects in defence of equality during the commemoration of Black History

Month 2019, in countries such as England and the U.S. Secondly, the narrative

instrumentalisation that projects the sports celebrity as a cultural intermediary is shown.

A first observation of the data shows how the narratives of the short films respond to

narratives starring black sportsmen and sportswomen who practice different sports in

different socio-cultural environments. We find in the contents a thematic unit that is

transversal in the three short films: the practice of sport by black men and women in

specific socio-cultural contexts. All the concepts and references used discursively are

oriented towards strengthening the equality and unity of black sports communities as a

motivational object.

Following our methodological strategy, we contextualise our analysis in the narratological

categories: subject, object, helper, opponent, sender and receiver. We find it relevant in

relation to our object of study to prioritise the categories that in our opinion have a

greater impact on the projected socio-cultural symbolic field: object, sender and receiver.

In this way, we hope to comprehensively reconstruct the narrative patterns that structure

the projection of values recurrently in the three contents.

4.1. Category 1. Object or desire to be achieved: to build a legacy for future

generations.

The need to contextualise the object of achievement projected by the brand through the

celebrity makes it necessary to devote a complementary analysis to other communication

channels belonging to the brand. In order to understand the social objective to be

achieved, there is nothing better than relying on a communication channel that belongs

to the corporation at the time of the analysis, in which the specific purpose of the

campaign is expressed:

JANUS.NET, e-journal of International Relations

e-ISSN: 1647-7251

Thematic dossier – International Relations and Social Networks (July 2021), pp. 44-60

Sports celebrity as an intermediary and cultural instrument

of fundamental rights and ethnic-racial equality.

Javier Díaz-Bajo Rodriguez, Rut Martínez-Borda

Figure 1: Nike Campaign - United by a common thread

Source: https://purpose.nike.com/common-thread:

For Black History Month 2019,

Nike launched the Watch Us Rise... Until We All Win campaign alongside

Common Thread, a series of short films showcasing how our stories and

experiences are woven together. Celebrating a new vanguard of Black

athletes and leaders around the world who define a collective legacy through

the power of sport & culture, the series highlights how the connection between

JANUS.NET, e-journal of International Relations

e-ISSN: 1647-7251

Thematic dossier – International Relations and Social Networks (July 2021), pp. 44-60

Sports celebrity as an intermediary and cultural instrument

of fundamental rights and ethnic-racial equality.

Javier Díaz-Bajo Rodriguez, Rut Martínez-Borda

Black athletes across the world is uniting communities and building a

foundation for the next generation to lead.

Narrated by Serena Williams, the first film in the series features athletes

Ingrid Silva and Alex Thomas speaking about their respective experiences and

showing the next generation what is possible to achieve when we believe our

passions cannot be limited, and no barriers can hold us back. Watch us rise.

Until we all win.

In this transcription, the specific context in which the corporate campaign is framed

becomes clear. Undoubtedly, the social objective that the brand intends to promote

through the instrumentalisation of black sportsmen and women can be seen.

Despite the fact that the object of achievement of all the narratives is oriented towards

building and sharing a legacy for the black athletes of the future, it is relevant to analyse

the way in which each protagonist expresses it discursively from different disciplines or

sporting practices. Taking figure 2 as a reference, we exemplify through three frames

with the inserted transcript, the projection of the social object that is intended to be

achieved in the community of black sportsmen and sportswomen. In all three examples,

the sportswomen express their desire to inspire future generations. The images help us

to interpret how the black sportswomen contribute through sport to the strengthening of

the individual and social identity of their community.

Crystal Dunn tells part of her life experience to become a professional player and

expresses some of the barriers she has faced as a person of colour. She also says how

important it is for the black sports community to jointly protect a legacy for the future.

In the case of Ashlee Lawson Green, co-founder of the RunGrl Sports Club, we see the

athlete practising her sporting discipline alongside peers from similar backgrounds and

diverse socio-cultural origins. She states that one of the purposes of her own club is to

empower and inspire the next generation.

Figure 2. Nike Instagram campaign I

Source: Nike Instagram account (Video 2: (https://www.instagram.com/p/B81iLqrA1-b/;

Video 3: https://www.instagram.com/p/B9KI0D2HHe7/ )

JANUS.NET, e-journal of International Relations

e-ISSN: 1647-7251

Thematic dossier – International Relations and Social Networks (July 2021), pp. 44-60

Sports celebrity as an intermediary and cultural instrument

of fundamental rights and ethnic-racial equality.

Javier Díaz-Bajo Rodriguez, Rut Martínez-Borda

To demonstrate that the social objective of the brand is recurrent in all the campaign

videos, we show a transcript of video 2, in which the narrator says the following:

Whether the story begins in South London, where a young woman uses the

power of football to bridge the gap between a new generation and the old

guard.

You know, I can honestly like take a page out of you all's books.

For me, my parents moved me out to where soccer was more visible, and I

just started playing.

But for you guys, you really took an initiative.

A lot of people don't do it.

And this is why we're trying to empower the next generation to take that

initiative and you guys have already done that.

To go fast, we have to go together.

To lead the way, we have to lead together.

Making a future we can believe in,

and a legacy to protect.

Category 2. Target or set of desired facts or motivating forces: to use

sport to enhance racial and ethnic equality among the present and future

generations.

The next step in our paper is to delve deeper into the motivational aspects that lead the

protagonists to use sport as a driving force for social values. In the narration of Serena

Williams (video 1), we identify the desire of two young dancers to make their way in the

artistic discipline:

This story begins with a prodigy from Brazil, who goes from her local dance

center to become the face of modern ballet. And it continues with the rising

young dancer from Florida inspired by those who paved the way to uplift

anyone who sees him move.

Together, they channel the beauty of motion, making space for others just

like them

In the same video, dancer Ingrid calls for equal opportunities in the recruitment of

dancers of colour. She also shows how motivated she is to have overcome socio-cultural

barriers in her experience:

Directors have to take the first step in hiring dancers of color, so the stage

looks like what the rest of the world looks like, so people can feel represented

on stage. I think the greatest lesson ballet has taught me is that there is no

limit to be who you want to be.

I think also as a dancer, we hear so many "no's" or "you're not good enough"

or "you can't do enough", but just to be on the stage with so many people

and represent something larger than ourselves, that's so fulfilling.

Similarly, the following transcript of video 2 exemplifies how professional football player

Crystal relates the desired set of facts and the motivating force that mobilises two young

black sportswomen located in different geographical locations. Their names are Debra

Nelson and Kairaba Ali-Danbukar, and they are two young female football players. We

JANUS.NET, e-journal of International Relations

e-ISSN: 1647-7251

Thematic dossier – International Relations and Social Networks (July 2021), pp. 44-60

Sports celebrity as an intermediary and cultural instrument

of fundamental rights and ethnic-racial equality.

Javier Díaz-Bajo Rodriguez, Rut Martínez-Borda

can identify the importance for these sportswomen of an equal context in which to play

football:

Whether the story begins in South London, where a young woman uses the

power of football to bridge the gap between a new generation and the old

guard.

Or in the Bronx, where a teenager can't find her team for girls her age in her

borough, so she finds one on her own, traveling wherever it takes to join her

pride.

Or on Long Island, with a young woman who comes back stronger than ever,

representing her country and all girls who sees themselves in her when they

turn on the TV.

This is a dialogue of their shared experience.

This is their common thread.

In video 3 (figure 3), audiovisual sequences are interspersed to describe the athletes'

shared experience of what drives their individual and social identity:

Figure 3. Nike Instagram campaign II

Source: Nike Instagram account. (Video 3: https://www.instagram.com/p/B9KI0D2HHe7/ )

Similarly, in video 2, Debra describes the power of football to overcome socio-cultural

difficulties and to impact positively on the development of individuals and society:

JANUS.NET, e-journal of International Relations

e-ISSN: 1647-7251

Thematic dossier – International Relations and Social Networks (July 2021), pp. 44-60

Sports celebrity as an intermediary and cultural instrument

of fundamental rights and ethnic-racial equality.

Javier Díaz-Bajo Rodriguez, Rut Martínez-Borda

Trying to get girls to play football in like the inner city of London it's quite

hard because of like my cultural stereotypes or like just safety issues, and I

think providing them with a safe place to play football is the biggest thing.

Soccer is so powerful. It's fun, you're learning how to communicate, you're

learning how to manage your emotions, you're learning how to build positive

relationships and, I think if we want to carry on building a positive Society

you have to start with the next generation, and I think football is the easiest

thing to use to encourage positivity in society.

Category 3: Recipient or beneficiary strengthen the black sportswomen's

union.

In this last category, we have identified a cross-cutting theme that runs through the

entire narrative of the campaign: building a legacy of equality and unity for the black

sports community. We felt it was important to show how the protagonists seek to spread

a cultural legacy for the benefit of future generations of black athletes.

In Figure 4, female athletes (professional athlete Vashti Cunningham is the narrator of

this video) show their support and desire for current black athletes to inspire each other.

In these examples, we can identify how the social purpose of the campaign is directed

for the direct benefit of black sports communities. In all of the narratives, there is a call

for equal opportunities for black athletes from all geographic backgrounds.

In these examples, the founders of the women's athletics teams RunGrl and Asra relate

the importance of encouraging the practice of their sporting disciplines together with

other sportswomen from the same socio-cultural backgrounds in order to strengthen the

unity of black sports communities around the world.

Figure 4. Nike Instagram campaign III

Source: Nike Instagram account. (Video 3: https://www.instagram.com/p/B9KI0D2HHe7/ )

JANUS.NET, e-journal of International Relations

e-ISSN: 1647-7251

Thematic dossier – International Relations and Social Networks (July 2021), pp. 44-60

Sports celebrity as an intermediary and cultural instrument

of fundamental rights and ethnic-racial equality.

Javier Díaz-Bajo Rodriguez, Rut Martínez-Borda

We rely again on the transcript of video 2 to show how sportswomen are committed to

achieving their goals if they stick together and unite.

You know, I can honestly like take a page out of you all's books.

For me, my parents moved me out to where soccer was more visible, and I

just started playing.

But for you guys, you really took an initiative.

A lot of people don't do it.

And this is why we're trying to empower the next generation to take that

initiative and you guys have already done that.

To go fast, we have to go together.

To lead the way, we have to lead together.

Making a future we can believe in,

and a legacy to protect.

5. Conclusions and discussion.

The results allow us to compare this study with the previous findings mentioned in the

introduction. Conclusions will be shown in relation to the questions that are at the origin

of the study.

The data corroborate that the Nike brand acquires a social function in the discursive and

symbolic projection of socio-cultural values through the creation and distribution of the

corporate campaign "Common Thread", published on its Instagram account. In relation

to what has been shown in the analysed data of the three contents, it can be evidenced

that the brand adopts a leading role in the construction of a specific socio-cultural

symbolic field. The social objective that the brand aims to project is discursively

instrumentalised through the experience of different sportsmen and celebrities. As seen

in the data through the discourse analysis, the athletes promote narratives aimed at

strengthening the individual and social identity of the community of black athletes from

different places and geographical locations. In all cases, the data reveal motivational

aspects that lead the protagonists to use sport as a promoter of fundamental rights and

socio-cultural values. Moreover, underlying all three contents is a cross-cutting narrative

that seeks to promote equal opportunities for young athletes, as well as to strengthen

communities of athletes from different geographical, ethnic and racial backgrounds.

From this perspective, we rely on the second question to identify narrative patterns that

recurrently articulate the discourse in the campaign analysed. The discursive proposal of

the contents is structured through actantial elements that modulate a common narrative

in the projection of specific socio-cultural values. This transversal structure helps to

clearly channel the social and cultural values that the brand intends to evoke. As the

audiovisual data analysed shows, all subjects (celebrities and athletes) manifest the

pursuit of a common object and desire: to build and strengthen a legacy for future

generations of black athletes. This object of social achievement is pursued through the

forces and motivational constructs that proliferate from the practice of sport. With this

perspective in mind, sport would function as a driving force for racial and ethnic equality

that enables these communities to achieve a common goal for the benefit of present and

future generations of sportsmen and sportswomen.

JANUS.NET, e-journal of International Relations

e-ISSN: 1647-7251

Thematic dossier – International Relations and Social Networks (July 2021), pp. 44-60

Sports celebrity as an intermediary and cultural instrument

of fundamental rights and ethnic-racial equality.

Javier Díaz-Bajo Rodriguez, Rut Martínez-Borda

In summary, the results of this work have shown that branding plays a determining role

in using socio-cultural values in defence of equality and fundamental rights. The symbolic

projection that is emitted is discursively instrumentalised through the live narratives of

black athletes and celebrities who belong to different sporting disciplines and come from

diverse ethnic and racial contexts.

Far from conceiving the brand phenomenon as a result in itself, the aim of this study is

to delve deeper into the concept of the brand as an issuing entity and producer of

discourses of a social and cultural nature. We have based our research on various

theoretical approaches that have studied the communicative function of corporate brands

from different disciplines of the social sciences: psychology, sociology, anthropology and

linguistics. However, in this case, we have been mainly approached our object of study

from the semiotic nature of the discourse of the brand. This fact has helped us to

elucidate the abstract conception of the brand phenomenon as a concrete and defined

discursive utterance.

The main strategy of this research has been based on revealing the social function played

by the discourses created and distributed by a given corporate brand. From this

perspective, our questions have focused especially on identifying and describing the role

that a corporate brand plays as a discursive emitter of values of a social and cultural

nature. In this context, we hope that this contribution will allow us to develop this line of

research from other perspectives and academic disciplines. Similarly, we hope that this

study will serve to raise new questions aimed at identifying the impact on audiences of

the creation of digital content that projects specific symbolic fields.

In relation to this context, we propose to discuss and delve deeper into the function that

sports celebrities exercise in these contexts. In our view, it is relevant how sports

celebrities become "signs", embedded semiotic systems with axiological meanings to be

read and actively interpreted by their audiences. In this vein, we argue that celebrities

are interpreted as texts that are discursively constructed. The meanings they generate

are the product of a "structured polysemy". This refers to the multiplicity of meanings

and affects they embody, as well as the intention to structure them in such a way that

some meanings are foregrounded, while others are masked or displaced.

Therefore, through the analysis of the "Common Thread" campaign, we propose to

highlight the productive social function of sports celebrities through the social

instrumentalisation of values that enhance equality and fundamental rights, which, in

turn, act in the social construction of the communities within which many of us live. This

approach responds to what various authors think of as "real emotional attachments" to

figures we only know through their media representations.

In this line, the results have allowed us to interpret the socio-cultural context where the

athletes' narratives are developed. In relation to this context, sports celebrities become

a "place" for the elaboration and construction of individual and social identity in the

community of black athletes. At first, a celebrity is perceived as a legitimate source of

information, as an important social process, through which relationships, identity and

social and cultural norms are shared. Its expansion through media content has embedded

celebrities in processes of social and personal identity formation.

JANUS.NET, e-journal of International Relations

e-ISSN: 1647-7251

Thematic dossier – International Relations and Social Networks (July 2021), pp. 44-60

Sports celebrity as an intermediary and cultural instrument

of fundamental rights and ethnic-racial equality.

Javier Díaz-Bajo Rodriguez, Rut Martínez-Borda

Therefore, it is suggested that the mediatised sports celebrity operates at the very heart

of culture, as it resonates with conceptions of individuality, which are the ideological

foundation of Western culture. If we support our argument on the postulate proposed by

Marshall (1997) in relation to celebrity, then sports celebrities could play a crucial

ideological function in the instrumentalisation of the discourses created and distributed

by a corporate brand.

This perspective helps us to discuss how corporate communication processes are shaped

in the construction of certain symbolic fields. The types of messages that the celebrity

passes on to the public are semiotic elements that shape individual identification, social

identity and the universality of values through a given universe of signification.

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