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)
JANUS.NET, e-journal of International Relations
ISSN: 1647-7251
Vol. 7, Nº. 1 (Maio-Outubro 2016), pp. 3-18
Abordagens pacifistas à resolução de conflitos: um panorama sobre o pacifismo pragmático
Gilberto Carvalho de Oliveira
9
expressões máximas ou únicas de poder que realmente importam. Ainda que se adote
uma perspetiva pluralista, reconhecendo que diversas formas de poder operam na
sociedade, os proponentes da não-violência pragmática consideram que a relação de
consentimento constitui uma base significativa de poder popular que é capaz de
desafiar todas as demais fontes de poder, sejam elas originadas, conforme enumera
Sharp (2005: 29-30), na autoridade ou legitimidade dos governantes, nos recursos
humanos à disposição dos governos, nas habilidades e nos conhecimentos, em fatores
intangíveis como crenças e normas, nos recursos materiais ou no aparato coercivo
institucional do Estado.
Num sentido semelhante, Boulding argumenta que o poder é complexo e
multidimensional, podendo assumir pelo menos “três faces”. A face mais convencional
é o “poder da ameaça” (threat power), expresso pela capacidade de aplicar a coerção
através de mecanismos internos de imposição da lei e da ordem ou do aparato militar
contra agressões externas. A segunda face assume a forma do “poder económico”
(economic power); desse ângulo, o poder é função da distribuição da riqueza entre
ricos e pobres e se define em termos de “produção e troca”. A terceira “face”, que
Boulding chama de “poder integrador” (integrative power), é o “poder da legitimidade,
da persuasão, da lealdade, da comunidade, etc.” (1999: 10-11). O que parece
particularmente relevante para Boulding, convergindo de certo modo para o ponto de
vista de Sharp, é que o poder não pode ser equacionado exclusivamente com base na
violência e na coerção, ou nas capacidades económicas, mas deve ser visto,
principalmente, em função da habilidade que as pessoas e os grupos sociais têm de se
associar e estabelecer laços mútuos de lealdade. Dessa perspetiva, afirma o autor, “o
poder da ameaça e o poder económico são difíceis de serem exercidos se não forem
sustentados pelo poder integrador, isto é, se não forem vistos como legítimos” (1999:
11). O que é importante compreender, portanto, é que essas três faces coexistem e se
inserem, embora em diferentes proporções, dentro de um quadro de forças que
interagem e impactam o funcionamento dos sistemas de poder nas sociedades. Dentro
desse quadro, o poder da ameaça não depende apenas da força do autor da ameaça,
mas depende também da resposta do sujeito ameaçado, que pode ser expresso de
diversas formas: submissão, desafio, contra-ameaça ou através do que Boulding chama
de “comportamento desarmante” (disarming behavior), isto é, da incorporação do autor
da ameaça dentro da comunidade dos sujeitos ameaçados, desfazendo a relação de
inimizade. Esse último tipo de resposta é, segundo o autor, um dos elementos-chave
da teoria da não-violência, pois abre uma importante via para a resolução pacífica dos
conflitos. O poder económico também depende da interação entre as partes, sendo
função não só do comportamento do “vendedor”, que pode concordar ou se recusar a
vender, mas também da resposta do “comprador”, que igualmente pode avaliar os
benefícios de comprar ou de rejeitar o consumo. Por fim, o poder integrador pode
sustentar as outras formas de poder ou, no sentido contrário (e aí reside outro aspeto
crucial para a teoria da não-violência), fazer com que o sistema de poder venha abaixo,
negando-lhe a lealdade, questionando a sua legitimidade e retirando-lhe o apoio e a
colaboração (1999: 10-12).
O que é crucial para esses autores − constituindo a assunção política básica das suas
perspetivas sobre a resolução pacífica dos conflitos – é a noção de que o fluxo das
fontes de poder pode ser restringido ou bloqueado pela população, sem a necessidade
de recorrer à violência, bastando negar aos oponentes o seu consentimento ou a sua